新东方在线职称英语考前辅导：状语从句
来源：新东方在线 时间：2013/3/11 9:26:00 作者：新东方在线
<P><A href="http://wanbang.soxsok.com/">新东方在线课堂</A>整理收集了职称英语考前辅导：状语从句，供参考，内容如下：</P> <P>一、状语从句的概念和类别</P> <P>状语从句指句子用作状语时，起副词作用的句子。它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等从句。状语从句一般由连词(从属连词)引导，也可以由词组引起。从句位于句首或句中时通常用逗号与主句隔开，位于句尾时可以不用逗号隔开。</P> <P>二、考点聚焦</P> <P>1、时间状语从句</P> <P>(1)as、when、while用法</P> <P>as表示“当……的时候”，往往和when/ while通用，但它着重强调主句与从句的动作或事情同时或几乎同时发生。</P> <P>She came up as I was cooking。(同时)</P> <P>The runners started as the gun went off。(几乎同时)</P> <P>when:(at or during the time that )既可以表示在某一点的时候，又可表示在某一段时间内，主句与从句的动作或事情可以同时发生也可以先后发生。</P> <P>It was raining when we arrived。(指时间点)</P> <P>When we were at school, we went to the library every day。(在一段时间内)</P> <P>while意思是“当……的时候”或“在某一段时间里”。主句中的动作或事情在从句中的动作或事情的进展过程中发生，从句中的动词一般要用延续性动词。在when表示a period of time时，两者可以互换。</P> <P>Please don’t talk so loud while others are working。</P> <P>He fell asleep while/when reading. Strike while the iron is hot。(用as或when不可，这里的while意思是“趁……”)</P> <P>(2)引导时间状语从句的连接词除上述外还有：</P> <P>①till, not … until …, until, before, since</P> <P>Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped。</P> <P>He waited for his father until(till)it was twelve o’clock。</P> <P>It will be five years before he returns from England。</P> <P>②hardly / scarcely … when, no sooner … than, as soon as once</P> <P>表示“一……就”</P> <P>As soon as I have finished it , I’ll give yu a call。</P> <P>Once you show any fear, he will attack you。</P> <P>We had hardly got / Hardly had we got into the country when it</P> <P>began to rain。</P> <P>No sooner had he arrived / He had no sooner arrived than she started complaining。</P> <P>③directly, immediately, the moment, the minute that… 一……就</P> <P>He made for the door directly he heard the knock。</P> <P>④each time, every time, by the time</P> <P>Each time he came to my city, he would call on me。</P> <P>注意：表示未来情况，主句用将来时，从句用现在时。</P> <P>2、让步状语从句</P> <P>(1)although与though可以引导让步状语从句，不能与but连用，但可以与yet连用。</P> <P>Although they are poor,(yet)they are warm-hearted。</P> <P>(2)even if或even though引导让步状语从句，表示“即使”，“纵然”，用来使人注意下文所强调内容的性质。</P> <P>I’ll get there even if(though)I have to sell my house to get enough money to go by air。</P> <P>(3)no matter后接上who、what、where、how等疑问词，也可以在这类疑问词后面加上ever构成whoever、whatever、wherever、however等。</P> <P>Don’t trust him, no matter what / whatever he says。</P> <P>Whoever breaks the law will be published。</P> <P>No matter how hard the work is, you’d better try to do it well。</P> <P>(4)as也可以引导让步状语从句。要用倒装。</P> <P>Child as(though)he is, he knows a lot。</P> <P>Much as I like it, I won’t buy。</P> <P>Try as he would, he couldn’t lift the heavy box。</P> <P>3、原因状语从句：because, for, as, since, now that</P> <P>(1)表示不知道的原因时用because,即说话人认为听话人不知道，因此because从句是全句较重要的部分，通常它被置于主句之后。</P> <P>You want to know why I’m leaving? I’m leaving because I’m full。</P> <P>for虽然表示不知道的原因，但其语气较because要弱得多，是可说可不说的话，它只能置于主句之后，这时，for是并列连词。如果不是因果关系，而是对前面主句的内容加以解释或推断时，只能用for。如：It’s morning now, for the birds are singing。(很显然，鸟叫不可能是“现在已是早上”的原因。)</P> <P>(2)表示已经知道的原因时用as或since,即某种原因在说话人看来已经很明显，或已为听话人所熟悉，因此它是句中不很重要的部分。since要比as正式一些，它们通常被置于语句之前，但有时却相反。</P> <P>Seeing all of the children already seated, he said,“Since everyone is here, let’s start。”</P> <P>(3)下列情况下只能使用because:</P> <P>①在回答why的问句时；</P> <P>②在用于强调句型时；</P> <P>③被not所否定时。</P> <P>4、地点状语从句：where, wherever</P> <P>Make a mark wherever you have any questions。</P> <P>We will go where the Party directs us。</P> <P>5、目的状语从句：that, so that, in order that</P> <P>注意：目的状语从句的谓语动词常与情态动词连用，否则可能是结果状语从句。不可置于句首。</P> <P>6、结果状语从句：that, so that, so … that, such … that …</P> <P>注意：so + 形容词/副词 + that从句；such + 名词 + that从句。</P> <P>7、方式状语从句：as, as if(though)</P> <P>I’ll do as I am told to。</P> <P>It looks as if it is going to rain。</P> <P>8、比较状语从句：than, as</P> <P>9、条件状语从句：if, unless, so (as) long as, in case, once, a far as, on condition that。</P> <P>注意if与unless的区别：不能用and连接两个unless从句，即不能有… unless …,and unless … 。但if … not and if … not却不受此限。</P> <P> </P> <P>You won’t lose your weight unless you eat less and unless you exercise more。(×)</P> <P>但可以说 … unless you eat less and exercise more。</P> <P>10、注意状语从句中从句的省略现象</P> <P>(1)连接词 + 过去分词</P> <P>Don’t speak until spoken to。</P> <P>Pressure can be incrased when needed。</P> <P>Unless repaired, the washing machine is no use。</P> <P>(2)连词 + 现在分词</P> <P>Look out while crossing the street。</P> <P>(3)连词 + 形容词/其他</P> <P>常见的有it necessary、if possible、when necessary、if any等。</P> <P><A href="http://wanbang.soxsok.com/">新东方英语在线</A>！更多关于职称英语的信息尽在<A href="http://wanbang.soxsok.com/">新东方在线</A> <A href="http://wanbang.soxsok.com/">http://wanbang.soxsok.com/</A> </P>